這一集共有 7 個學習項目，依影片順序整理成完整講義。
經過考量後拒絕提議、請求或機會
寫作用途
refuse an offer, request, or opportunity after considering it
Maya turned down the internship because it conflicted with her final exams.
Maya 拒絕了那份實習，因為它和期末考時間衝突。
寫作技巧
Use turn down for an offer, request, or opportunity you decide not to accept. Put an object pronoun in the middle: turn it down.
正式而有條理地陳述理由、原則或提案
寫作用途
state ideas, reasons, or proposals clearly and formally
The student council set forth three reasons for extending library hours.
學生會陳述了延長圖書館開放時間的三個理由。
寫作技巧
Use set forth when ideas, reasons, or proposals are presented in an organized and formal way. The past form remains set forth.
成為阻礙，使目標或行動難以推進
寫作用途
block progress or make a goal harder to reach
Fear of criticism was in the way of honest discussion.
害怕受批評阻礙了坦誠的討論。
寫作技巧
Make the obstacle the subject, then use a form of be before in the way. Add of when naming the blocked goal or action.
因經營或經濟因素而解雇員工
寫作用途
end someone's employment because a business reduces its workforce
The factory laid off twenty workers after overseas orders fell sharply.
海外訂單大幅下滑後，工廠解雇了二十名員工。
寫作技巧
Use lay off when a business cuts jobs. The past form is laid off; place a pronoun in the middle.
在判斷或行動時記住重要事實或原則
寫作用途
remember an important fact while deciding or acting
Keep in mind that every policy choice affects different groups.
請記住，每項政策選擇都會影響不同群體。
寫作技巧
Use keep in mind to highlight information that should guide a decision. Follow it with a noun or a that-clause.
指出某人或某群體有責任採取行動
寫作用途
show that someone has responsibility for taking an action
It is up to local leaders to explain the final decision.
地方領導者有責任說明最後的決定。
寫作技巧
Use this expression to identify the responsible person or group. Finish with an infinitive that names the required action.
使用後把物品收回適當位置
寫作用途
place something in its proper storage location after use
Students put away their phones before the group discussion began.
小組討論開始前，學生把手機收了起來。
寫作技巧
Use put away for returning an object to storage or removing it from use. Put an object pronoun in the middle: put it away.