這一集共有 7 個學習項目，依影片順序整理成完整講義。
只著眼缺點而挑剔某人或某事
寫作用途
criticize someone or something by focusing on flaws
Instead of finding fault with Ira's draft, we suggested two improvements.
我們沒有只挑剔 Ira 的草稿，而是提出兩項改進建議。
寫作技巧
Use find fault with when criticism focuses on defects, often without helping. This lesson contrasts fault-finding with constructive suggestions.
聲音逐漸變小直到消失
寫作用途
gradually become quieter until the sound disappears
The applause died away as the final speaker approached the microphone.
最後一位講者走近麥克風時，掌聲逐漸消失。
寫作技巧
Use die away with a sound that slowly becomes quieter. This lesson does not refer to a person or animal dying.
從較長一段時間的結果來看
寫作用途
when considering results over a long period
Regular sleep habits improve concentration in the long run.
從長遠來看，規律的睡眠習慣能改善專注力。
寫作技巧
Use in the long run to shift attention from immediate effects to later overall results. It can appear first or last in a sentence.
某個情況需要特定行動或條件
寫作用途
require a particular action, quality, or resource
Protecting the wetland calls for patient cooperation from nearby communities.
保護這片濕地需要附近社區耐心合作。
寫作技巧
Here, call for means require. Make the situation or goal the subject, then name the needed action, quality, or resource.
認同並相信某項價值或理念
寫作用途
have confidence in the value or effectiveness of an idea
Our student council believes in open discussion before making major decisions.
我們的學生會相信重大決定前應進行公開討論。
寫作技巧
Use believe in something for confidence in a value, method, or idea. This lesson does not teach trusting a person or accepting a factual statement as true.
在困難中繼續撐住而不放棄
寫作用途
continue resisting or enduring despite serious difficulty
The hikers held out until the rescue team reached them.
登山客撐到救援隊抵達他們身邊。
寫作技巧
Use hold out for enduring difficulty. Add until for the endpoint. Not the sense of extending an object.
忍受令人不快的行為或情況
寫作用途
tolerate an unpleasant behavior or difficult situation
Residents refused to put up with the constant late-night noise.
居民拒絕再忍受持續不斷的深夜噪音。
寫作技巧
Keep put up with together before the unpleasant behavior or situation. Follow it with a noun or an -ing form.